• 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
• 1260 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1260 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
• 1360 - The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.
• 1593 - Alleged teleportation of Gil Perez.
• 1648 - The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
• 1795 - Partitions of Poland: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is completely divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia
• 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow.
• 1857 - Sheffield F.C., the world's first football club, is founded in Sheffield, England.
• 1861 - The First Transcontinental Telegraph line across the United States is completed, spelling the end for the 18-month-old Pony Express.
• 1901 - Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
• 1911 - Orville Wright remained in the air 9 minutes and 45 seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina setting a new world record that stood for 10 years. (External Link)
• 1912 - First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo concludes with the Serbian victory.
• 1917 - Battle of Caporetto starts on the Austro-Italian front of World War I
• 1917 - The day of the October revolution, The Red Revolution.
• 1926 - Harry Houdini's last performance, which was at the Garrick Theatre in Detroit, Michigan.
• 1929 - "Black Thursday" stock market crash on the New York Stock Exchange.
• 1930 - A bloodless coup d'état in Brazil ousts Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa, the last President of the First Republic. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas is then installed as "provisional president."
• 1931 - The George Washington Bridge opens to public traffic.
• 1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia
• 1944 - World War II: The Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku, and the battleship Musashi are sunk in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• 1945 - Founding of the United Nations
• 1946 - A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.
• 1947 - Walt Disney testifies to the House Un-American Activities Committee, naming Disney employees he believes to be communists.
• 1954 - Dwight D. Eisenhower pledges United States support to South Vietnam
• 1957 - The USAF starts the X-20 Dyna-Soar program.
• 1960 - Nedelin catastrophe: An R-16 ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad at the Soviet Union's Baikonur Cosmodrome space facility, killing over 100. Among the dead is Field Marshall Mitrofan Nedelin, whose death is reported to have occurred in a plane crash
• 1964 - Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes the Republic of Zambia (Southern Rhodesia remained a colony)
• 1973 - Yom Kippur War ends
• 1977 - Veterans Day is observed on the fourth Monday in October for the seventh and last time. (The holiday is once again observed on November 11 beginning the following year.)
• 1980 - Government of Poland legalizes Solidarity trade union
• 1986 - Nezar Hindawi is sentenced to 45 years in prison, the longest sentence handed down by a British court, for the attempted bombing on an El Al flight at Heathrow. After the verdict, the United Kingdom breaks diplomatic relations with Syria, claiming that Hindawi was helped by Syrian officials.
• 1990 - Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti reveals to the Italian parliament the existence of Gladio, the Italian "stay-behind" clandestine paramilitary NATO army.
• 1995 - A total solar eclipse is visible from Iran, India, Thailand, and SE Asia. (External Link)
• 1998 - Launch of Deep Space 1 comet/asteroid mission
• 2002 - Police arrest spree killers John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, ending the Beltway sniper attacks in the area around Washington, DC.
• 2003 - Concorde makes its last commercial flight.
• 2006 - Justice Rutherford of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice struck down the "motive clause", an important part of the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act.

Births